LeetCode Tag Validator Given a string representing a code snippet, you need to implement a tag validator to parse the code and return whether it is valid. A code snippet is valid if all the following rules hold:
- The code must be wrapped in a valid closed tag. Otherwise, the code is invalid.
- A closed tag (not necessarily valid) has exactly the following format :
<TAG_NAME>TAG_CONTENT</TAG_NAME>
. Among them,<TAG_NAME>
is the start tag, and</TAG_NAME>
is the end tag. The TAG_NAME in start and end tags should be the same. A closed tag is valid if and only if the TAG_NAME and TAG_CONTENT are valid. - A valid
TAG_NAME
only contain upper-case letters, and has length in range [1,9]. Otherwise, theTAG_NAME
is invalid. - A valid
TAG_CONTENT
may contain other valid closed tags, cdata and any characters (see note1) EXCEPT unmatched<
, unmatched start and end tag, and unmatched or closed tags with invalid TAG_NAME. Otherwise, theTAG_CONTENT
is invalid. - A start tag is unmatched if no end tag exists with the same TAG_NAME, and vice versa. However, you also need to consider the issue of unbalanced when tags are nested.
- A
<
is unmatched if you cannot find a subsequent>
. And when you find a<
or</
, all the subsequent characters until the next>
should be parsed as TAG_NAME (not necessarily valid). - The cdata has the following format :
<![CDATA[CDATA_CONTENT]]>
. The range ofCDATA_CONTENT
is defined as the characters between<![CDATA[
and the first subsequent]]>
. CDATA_CONTENT
may contain any characters. The function of cdata is to forbid the validator to parseCDATA_CONTENT
, so even it has some characters that can be parsed as tag (no matter valid or invalid), you should treat it as regular characters.
Input: "<DIV>This is the first line <![CDATA[<div>]]></DIV>" Output: True Explanation: The code is wrapped in a closed tag : <DIV> and </DIV>. The TAG_NAME is valid, the TAG_CONTENT consists of some characters and cdata. Although CDATA_CONTENT has unmatched start tag with invalid TAG_NAME, it should be considered as plain text, not parsed as tag. So TAG_CONTENT is valid, and then the code is valid. Thus return true. Input: "<DIV>>> ![cdata[]] <![CDATA[<div>]>]]>]]>>]</DIV>" Output: True Explanation: We first separate the code into : start_tag|tag_content|end_tag. start_tag -> "<DIV>" end_tag -> "</DIV>" tag_content could also be separated into : text1|cdata|text2. text1 -> ">> ![cdata[]] " cdata -> "<![CDATA[<div>]>]]>", where the CDATA_CONTENT is "<div>]>" text2 -> "]]>>]" The reason why start_tag is NOT "<DIV>>>" is because of the rule 6. The reason why cdata is NOT "<![CDATA[<div>]>]]>]]>" is because of the rule 7.Invalid Code Examples:
Input: "<A> <B> </A> </B>" Output: False Explanation: Unbalanced. If "<A>" is closed, then "<B>" must be unmatched, and vice versa. Input: "<DIV> div tag is not closed <DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> unmatched < </DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> closed tags with invalid tag name <b>123</b> </DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> unmatched tags with invalid tag name </1234567890> and <CDATA[[]]> </DIV>" Output: False Input: "<DIV> unmatched start tag <B> and unmatched end tag </C> </DIV>" Output: FalseNote:
- For simplicity, you could assume the input code (including the any characters mentioned above) only contain
letters
,digits
,'<'
,'>'
,'/'
,'!'
,'['
,']'
and' '
.
本题需要写一个检查简单html源代码标签是否匹配的程序。规则有很多,8条,比如tag长度必须在[1,9],且必须是大写字母,还有<![CDATA[CDATA_CONTENT]]>这个东西,经常会在html源代码中看见。 这题在比赛的时候没想清楚,思路比较乱。比赛结束之后,看了讨论区的解答,感觉思路好清晰,借鉴过来。 需要检查的主要有两个部分,一是Tag标签匹配,二是cdata。对于cdata,只要找到,则可以过滤掉<![CDATA[和]]>之间的所有内容。对于Tag标签匹配,类似括号匹配,可以用栈来实现。 但是因为Tag和cdata的开头都有<,我们匹配的时候, 应该从特殊到一般,即首先考虑是<![CDATA,其次考虑是</,然后考虑是<,最后就是一般性的字符了。 当遇到<![CDATA时,找到对应的]]>,下标快速跳到]]>的下一位。 当遇到</时,说明遇到了一个结束Tag,此时判断Tag是否合法,如果合法,从栈中弹出开始Tag,判断开始Tag和结束Tag是否匹配。 当遇到<时,说明遇到了一个开始Tag,判断Tag是否合法,如果合法,则压栈。 如果是一般性的字符,下标直接向前进。 需要注意的是,如果i!=0但是栈为空,说明当前的字符不在某个Tag标签内,比如这个样例:<![CDATA[wahaha]]]><![CDATA[]> wahaha]]>,一上来就是cdata,这是不合法的,因为所有内容都应该在标签对内。 完整代码如下: [cpp] class Solution { private: bool checkTag(const string &tag) { if (tag.size() < 1 || tag.size() > 9)return false; for (const auto &c : tag) { if (!isupper(c))return false; } return true; } public: bool isValid(string code) { stack<string> stk; int i = 0; while (i < code.size()) { if (i > 0 && stk.empty())return false; if (code.substr(i, 9) == "<![CDATA[") { int end = code.find("]]>", i); if (end == string::npos)return false; i = end + 3; } else if (code.substr(i, 2) == "</") { int end = code.find(‘>’, i); if (end == string::npos)return false; string tag = code.substr(i + 2, end – i – 2); if (!checkTag(tag))return false; if (stk.empty() || stk.top() != tag)return false; else stk.pop(); i = end + 1; } else if (code[i] == ‘<‘) { int end = code.find(‘>’, i); if (end == string::npos)return false; string tag = code.substr(i + 1, end – i – 1); if (!checkTag(tag))return false; stk.push(tag); i = end + 1; } else { ++i; } } return stk.empty(); } }; [/cpp] 本代码提交AC,用时12MS。]]>